Napoleon – One of the two pigs who basically are considered leaders by the other animals, he quickly becomes tyrannical and is the pigs responsible for throwing out snowball. Napoleon most resembles Joseph Stalin, who used his secret police and propaganda to become the unquestioned leader of Russia.
Snowball – The other pig who was initially considered leader. Snowball had the most ingenuity and natural intelligence, but was thrown out so that Napoleon could have unquestioned and absolute power. Snowball most resembles Trotsky, who was also quite powerful after the revolution, but then exiled by Stalin and made to be thought of as a villain by some of the Russian propaganda.
Boxer, the hens –hard workers and dedicated for the cause of the farm, however, as soon as there is trouble they exploited and basically discarded. Boxer and the hens are a powerful metaphor for the Russian workforce, who were loyal and desired the best for their country but were often abused.
Squealer – A pig that was skilled in talk and worked to keep up the appearance of Napoleon. Squealer most likely represents the entirety of the Communist propaganda, who would attempt to convince the people to believe just about anything.
Old Major – The original spark to the animal revolution, he had the idea of the rebellion and a world ruled by the animals. Old Major almost definitely represents Karl Marx, the founder of the idea of
Mr. Frederick – Owner of Pinchfield, he is ruthless and cruel, but efficient. Mr. Frederick represents Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany, including their initial alliance then betrayal of Russia.
Mr. Pilkington – Owner of Foxwood, he is easygoing and generally peaceable, but grossly inefficient. Mr. Pilkington most closely represents the United States and England, including their eventual alliance with Russia.
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